Lived Experiences and Treatment Challenges of Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Rural Philippine Setting: A Phenomenological Study

This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of patients undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a rural setting using a phenomenological approach. MDR-TB presents significant challenges for patients due to the long duration of treatment, severe side effects, and social stigma associated with the disease. The study sought to understand how socio-demographic factors, such as age, gender, education, and occupation, influence treatment adherence, as well as the psychosocial and emotional barriers that patients face. Six participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that patients often experience emotional distress, including fear, anxiety, and shame upon diagnosis, which is compounded by the physical burden of treatment, such as nausea, weakness, and hearing loss. Treatment fatigue and psychological distress further contribute to difficulties in maintaining adherence. However, personal resilience and positive coping mechanisms, alongside strong family support, emerged as key factors that helped patients persist with their treatment despite challenges. Social factors, such as family reminders and financial assistance, also played a significant role in improving adherence. Health system factors, including delayed diagnosis, transportation difficulties, and inconsistent drug supply, were identified as major barriers to successful treatment. This study underscores the need for comprehensive, patient-centered interventions that address not only medical needs but also the social, emotional, and economic factors affecting adherence. Strengthening family support and providing financial and psychosocial resources are essential for improving MDR-TB treatment outcomes in resource-limited settings.