Development of Arduino-Based Learning Materials in Heat and Temperature

The lack of effective learning materials remains a persistent challenge for students and often contributes to poor academic performance. This study aimed to develop Arduino-based Learning Materials (ALMs) focused on the topics of heat and temperature to enhance the teaching and learning process for Grade 12 students. A developmental research design was employed, utilizing a revised ADDIE model for the design and evaluation of the ALMs. The developed materials included experiment guides and complementary practicum tools. The study recommends the full implementation of these learning materials, as well as the continued development and integration of diverse, innovative teaching strategies and instructional tools across various disciplines and subject areas.