Maternal Determinants of Childhood Immunization Noncompliance: A Community-Based Study in Naga City, Philippines

Childhood immunization remains a critical public health strategy for preventing vaccine-preventable diseases; however, incomplete vaccination coverage continues to be a challenge in many communities. This study aimed to determine the maternal determinants associated with childhood immunization noncompliance among mothers of children aged 0–23 months in Naga City, Philippines. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed among 278 mothers from selected barangays in Naga City. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire assessing maternal demographic characteristics, personal factors, health service-related factors, family and partner support, cultural factors, economic factors, and perceived effectiveness of community engagement strategies. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, weighted mean, Spearman Rank-Order Correlation, Chi-Square Test of Independence, and Cramér’s V, were utilized for data analysis. Findings revealed that economic factors, personal concerns, health service-related factors, and family-related factors contributed to maternal immunization noncompliance, although most determinants were rated at a neutral level. Significant relationships were identified between selected demographic characteristics, particularly age and socioeconomic status, and specific determinants of immunization noncompliance. Home visits by midwives or Barangay Health Workers, text or phone call reminders, and barangay-based outreach immunization activities were perceived as highly effective strategies to improve maternal compliance. The study highlights the importance of strengthening community-based interventions, maternal health education, and healthcare communication to improve childhood immunization compliance in Naga City.