Exploring the Compliance Levels of Some Industries on the Implementation of Environmental Policy

This study investigated the compliance levels of selected manufacturing industries with environmental policies and Pollution Control Officer (PCO) accreditation, examining how coercive pressures influence organizational behavior through the framework of coercive isomorphism under Institutional Theory. The research aimed to assess how industries respond to regulatory demands and to identify strategies that can improve compliance and operational efficiency. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with PCOs, environmental managers, and regulators. The quantitative data provided measurable indicators of compliance performance, while qualitative responses offered contextual insights into how firms interpret and adapt to external mandates and regulatory expectations. Findings revealed that firms demonstrate strong compliance with visible and easily monitored requirements, including the appointment of accredited PCOs, adherence to Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) standards, and the conduct of staff training programs. However, notable gaps were identified in consistent report submission, formation of compliance teams, integration of environmental objectives into corporate strategies, and investments in sustainable technologies. These outcomes affirm that coercive isomorphism primarily drives compliance through regulatory enforcement, leading to adherence that is often procedural rather than transformative. The study concludes that while coercive pressures ensure minimum compliance, fostering a genuine culture of sustainability requires internal commitment, strategic integration, and stronger government-industry collaboration. Recommendations include developing shared PCO services for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), creating Local Environmental Assistance Desks, embedding environmental goals into business operations, and forming stakeholder advisory panels to enhance compliance mechanisms and promote long-term environmental stewardship. Future research is encouraged to examine normative and mimetic isomorphic influences to provide a more holistic understanding of institutional dynamics in environmental governance.